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Objective: To optimize the prescription and preparation process of "Hugan I" Orally Disintegrating Tablets, and investigate its efficacy against acute liver injury in mice. Methods: Single factor method was used for disintegrants, lubricants, and fillers screening. Taking the appearance, hardness, friability and disintegration time of the tablets as the comprehensive evaluation index, the dosage of disintegrant, micro-silica gel and magnesium stearate was selected as the investigation factor. The Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the orally disintegrating tablets. Acetaminophen (APAP, 500 mg/kg) was used to replicate acute liver injury model by one-time high-dose intragastric administration to investigate the effects of orally disintegrating tablets on the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, the content of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and morphological changes in liver tissue. Results: The optimal prescription was as following: dry paste powder 22.00%, microcrystalline cellulose 18.00%, sorbitol 20.00%, mannitol 16.00%, Aspartame 0.50%, citric acid 0.50%, disintegration agent L-HPC 20.00%, micro-powder silica gel 2.50% and magnesium stearate 0.50%. The hardness of the orally disintegrating tablets was 4-7 kg, the mean disintegration time was about 50 s, and the mean friability was around 0.85%. Compared with the model group, there were significant differences (P < 0.01) in Biphenyl diester control group, "Hugan I" Decoction group and "Hugan I" Orally Disintegrating Tablets group, and the levels of ALT and AST in the serum of the mice were significantly decreased, The content of MDA in the liver tissue was decreased, which improved the damage of APAP to liver tissue. Conclusion: The formulation of the "Hugan I" Orally Disintegrating Tablet is feasible and easy to operate, which achieves the same effect with "Hugan I" Decoction that effectively prevent liver damage caused by acetaminophen with no significant differences.
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Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation disease in infants.With the rapid development of clinical treatment, the survival rate of children with CHD increased significantly.However, postoperative complications in children with CHD, including heart failure, heart arrythmia, pulmonary hypertension and brain cognitive dysfunction, are another challenge, among which, brain cognitive dysfunction has been gradually recognized and valued by scholars.At present, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on brain cognitive function of children with CHD has been studied by a variety of research methods, including molecular biological technique, magnetic resonance imaging technique, optical imaging technology, brain electrical activity monitoring technology and nervous development scale.Varying degrees of brain cognitive dysfunction will occur in children with CHD after heart surgery, which is closely associated with many factors such as systemic inflammatory response related to cardiopulmonary bypass, cerebral ischemia-reperfustion injury, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross clamp time, deep hypothermia circulatory arrest time, dynamic changes of temperature, degree of hemodilution and blood gas management strategy.The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative brain cognitive function in children with CHD is reviewed in this paper, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to improve the prognosis of children with CHD.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of α-enolase (ENO1) in regulating glucose metabolism and cell growth in human glioma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Glucose uptake and lactate generation were assessed to evaluate the changes in glucose metabolism in human glioma U251 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated ENO1 knockdown. MTT assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were used to examine the cell growth and cell cycle changes following siRNA transfection of the cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transfection of U251 cells with siRNA-ENO1 markedly reduced glucose uptake (P=0.023) and lactate generation (P=0.007) in the cells and resulted in significant suppression of cell proliferation (*P<0.05) since the second day following the transfection. Transfection with siRNA-ENO1 also obviously suppressed cell cycle G1/S transition in the cells (P=0.0425). The expressions of HK2 and LDHA, the marker genes for glucose metabolism, were significantly down-regulated in the cells with siRNA-mediated ENO1 knockdown.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ENO1 as a potential oncogene promotes glioma cell growth by positively modulating glucose metabolism.</p>
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Objective: The HPLC method was established for assessment of quality of Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia (LSC) based on the determined indicator of ergosterol. The contents of ergosterol in 42 batches of LSC were comparatively analyzed. Methods: The contents of ergosterol in LSC from different origins were determined by HPLC. The conditions were as follows: BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength: 282 nm; column temperature: 30 ℃; injection volume: 20 μL; mobile phase: acetonitrile (A): 0.1% formic acid (B) as the mobile phase gradient elution: 0-15 min, 95% A, 15-50 min, 100% A. Results: The HPLC method to determine the ergosterol content of puffball was established.The ranges of ergosterol contents among different samples was 0.009 9%-0.150 3%. Conclusion: The contents of ergosterol in different LSC are obviously different, and the quality of commercial LSC is not coincident. So the quality control of LSC a needs further normalization and standardization. The data in this paper would provide a reasonable reference for the quality control of LSC.
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Objective To evaluate the radiation dose in both low radiation dose and to conventional radiation dose mode in multislice spiral CT scan for children with embedded teeth,and explore the lowest conditions of exposure in multislice spiral CT scan for children embedded teeth.Methods Eighty cases of children with embedded teeth examined by 16 slices spiral CT were divided into 5 ,25,125 and 250 mAs scanning groups.The scanned pictures of four groups were evaluated by two chief physicians and three associate chief physicians in the radiological department with double blind method.The CTDI_w and DLP in different radiation dose mode were recorded and analyzed with statistics.Results All the four groups scanned pictures in different radiation dose mode could accurately show the structure and the adjacency relation of embedded teeth.Even though the resolution of scanned pictures in S mAs group were inferior to the other three groups on bone trabecula,gingiva and their surrounding soft tissue,it still could meet the requirements of examination.The average DLP in 5 mAs group was only 2% of value in 250 mAs group.Conclusions MSCT in 5 mAs group can not only meet the requirements of examination,but also reduce the radiation dose to patients to the greatest extent.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 1772 (C-->T) and 1790 (G-->A) in exon 12 of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit gene (HIF1A) with hypoxia adaptation in high altitude in Sherpas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The blood samples were chosen from 148 Sherpas in Tibet high altitude and 90 Han nationality healthy people in Guangdong province, and from which genomic DNA was extracted. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of 1772(C-->T) and 1790(G-->A) in exon 12 of HIF1A gene were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequency of HIF1A gene 1790 (G-->A) in Sherpas and Han nationality was 57.43% versus 75.56% in GG genotype, 37.84% versus 21.11% in GA genotype and 4.73% versus 3.33% in AA genotype. GG genotype frequency in Sherpas was lower than that in Han nationality (P<0.01), while GA genotype frequency in Sherpas was higher than that in Han nationality (P<0.01). No significant difference in CC, CT and TT genotype frequency of 1772(C-->T) was shown between two groups respectively. The total frequency of CC + GA, CT + AA, TT + GA and TT + AA in Sherpas was higher than that in Han nationality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polymorphisms of HIF1A gene 1790 (G-->A) are associated with hypoxia adaptation in high altitude in Sherpas. GA and AA genotype may be benefit to hypoxia adaptation, and it is worthy of deep-going investigation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Adaptation, Physiological , Genetics , Physiology , Altitude , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Hypoxia , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 , Genetics , Linkage Disequilibrium , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genetics , TibetABSTRACT
Objective To explore the spiral the normal representations of permanent teeth and alveolar bone of multi-slice spiral(MSCT). Methods 30 adults with normal teeth were studied by multislice spiral CT scanner,window width and window level was 3000~5000 HU and 1200~1500 HU respectively.MSCT findings were analysed using multiplanar reformation,dental panorama and 3D reconstruction were done in all cases.Results The tooth were showed as multilaryer structures with different density at MSCT because of the mineral content of different part of tooth,from high to low density was enamel,circumpulpal dentin,outside dentin,cementum and pulp.The periodontal membrane was low density located beween the cementum and lamina dura and the thickness was homogeneous.The bone cortex of alveolar bone was successive,the bone trabecula appeared as wirelike or reticulate.Conclusion The structures of permanent teeth and alveolar bone can be displayed clearly by MSCT.Multiplanar reformation,dental panorama and 3D reconstruction are helpful to display the structures of teeth and alveolar bone as well as the relationship around structures.